Trans-membrane

Membrane

Time

Cake layer

development

Flux

Permeat

Cake laver thickness

Time

Gas bubbles

Cake layer

Membrane

Permeate flux

Fouling due to collids

particles, EPS, etc.

Sh

ea

rin

g

eff

ec

t

(a)

(b)

Figure 16.4

(a) Cake layer and (b) corresponding TMP development phenomenon with time in anaerobic membrane bioreactors.